Punishment as Societal-Defense

People punished by law are treated in ways that we consider immoral in other contexts. In "Punishment as Societal-Defense", Phillip Montague develops a new theory of punishment that, instead of justifying it on the basis of deterrence or retribution, constructs it as analogous to individual self-defense. If people are justified in defending themselves against wrongful aggression, Montague argues, the same principles of distributive justice underlie punishment as societal defense.