Communities of Discourse: Ideology and Social Structure in the Reformation, the Enlightenment, and European Socialism.

Compares the historical conditions that led to three abrupt cultural changes, and reexamines theories of social development.The Problem of Articulation ON MARCH 6, I 522, after nearly a year ofenforced seclusion and study at the Wartburg castle, Martin Luther returned to Wittenberg. His decision to return, despite obvious risks to his own safety, was prompted by a desire to quell the social unrest that had erupted in the wake of his disciples' preaching.Three days later, on Invocavit Sunday, he mounted the pulpit of the parish church and delivered what many still consider one of his most powerful sermons. No controversy remained untouched: purification of the mass, images, instruction in partaking of the Eucharist, monastic vows, fasting, civil insurrection. On all these issues Luther counseled a bold attitude of faith tempered with love. Faith without love, he said, "is not faith at all, but a counterfeit faith, just as a face seen in a mirror is not aface but merely the reflection of one."